Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormones. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It plays a major role in controlling the body’s metabolism, which affects how the body uses energy.
When the thyroid is underactive, the body’s processes slow down. This can lead to a range of symptoms and health problems if not treated.
Common Causes
- Autoimmune disease (such as Hashimotos thyroiditis)
- Certain medications
- Radiation treatment to the neck or head
- Thyroid surgery
- Iodine deficiency, though this is rare in many countries
Symptoms
Symptoms may develop slowly and can be mild at first. They include:
- Feeling tired or weak
- Weight gain without changes in diet or activity
- Feeling cold even when others are not
- Dry skin
- Constipation
- Depression or low mood
- Slow heart rate
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Puffy face
- Hoarseness
- Memory problems or trouble concentrating
- Menstrual changes or fertility issues
Diagnosis
Hypothyroidism is usually diagnosed with a simple blood test that checks your thyroid hormone levels. The two main hormones tested are:
- TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
- Free T4 (thyroxine)
High TSH and low T4 usually confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Hypothyroidism is usually treated with a daily medication called levothyroxine. This is a man-made version of the hormone that your thyroid normally produces. Most people need to take this medicine for life, but it is safe and effective when taken as prescribed.
Your doctor will regularly check your blood levels and adjust your dose to keep your hormone levels balanced.
Living with Hypothyroidism
With proper treatment, most people with hypothyroidism can live normal, healthy lives. It is important to take your medicine at the same time each day and not to skip doses. Let your doctor know if you feel different or if your symptoms return.
Eating a healthy diet, staying active, and going for regular check-ups can help you feel your best.
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